Journal: EJNMMI Research

Article Title: Preclinical evaluation of [ 18 F]fluoroethylresorufin as PET tracer for cerebral amyloid angiopathy

doi: 10.1186/s13550-026-01470-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding specificity and selectivity of FER on Aβ 1−40 and Aβ 1−42 fibrils and comparison to [ 3 H]PIB. ( A ) Representative negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Aβ 1−40 (left) and Aβ 1−42 (right) fibrils used in binding assays. ( B ) Saturation binding curves and Scatchard analysis of [ 3 H]PIB to Aβ 1−40 (left), and Aβ 1−42 (right) fibrils, showing two distinct binding sites. ( C ) [ 3 H]FER binding curves and competition of [ 3 H]PIB binding with increasing concentrations of FER for Aβ 1−40 (left) and Aβ 1−42 (right) fibrils, demonstrating distinct binding sites and isoform preference. Abbrevations: PIB, Pittsburgh Compound B; FER, fluoroethylresorufin, TB, total binding, NSB, non-specific binding. Scale Bar 100 nm (20 nm in the zoomed image)

Article Snippet: They were then incubated with rabbit anti-Aβ 1−42 primary antibody (Cat. No. 218703; Synaptic Systems GmbH, Göttingen, Germany) at a 1:100 dilution in TBS-X overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Comparison, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy

Journal: EJNMMI Research

Article Title: Preclinical evaluation of [ 18 F]fluoroethylresorufin as PET tracer for cerebral amyloid angiopathy

doi: 10.1186/s13550-026-01470-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro autoradiography of FER and comparison to PIB on transgenic mouse brain tissue. ( A ) Autoradiographic images showing total (TB) and non-specific binding (NSB) of [ 3 H]FER (top) and [ 3 H]PIB (bottom) on APP23 (CAA + /PEA + ), APPPS1 (CAA − /PEA + ), and wild-type (CAA − /PEA − ) mouse brain tissue. ( B ) Quantification of specific binding for [ 3 H]FER and [ 3 H]PIB across genotypes. ( C ) Autoradiography of (d 4 )-[ 18 F]FER (top) and [ 11 C]PIB (bottom) on APP23 and APPPS1, and wild-type mouse brain sections. ( D ) Quantification of the Aβ 1−40 /Aβ 1−42 ratio in PEA and CAA in 20.8-month-old APP23 and 15.8-month-old APPPS1 mice ( n = 2). Each dot represents one Aβ plaque or vessel. ( E ) Colocalization of (d 4 )-[ 18 F]FER and ICTAD-1 fluorescence on consecutive sections showing Aβ 1−40 (red) and Aβ 1−42 (green) distribution (5x magnification) on cortical regions. White arrows, PEA; blue arrows, CAA. Abbreviations: CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy; PEA, parenchymal amyloidosis. PIB, Pittsburgh Compound B; FER, fluoroethylresorufin; WT, wild-type; TB, total binding; NSB, non-specific binding

Article Snippet: They were then incubated with rabbit anti-Aβ 1−42 primary antibody (Cat. No. 218703; Synaptic Systems GmbH, Göttingen, Germany) at a 1:100 dilution in TBS-X overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: In Vitro, Autoradiography, Comparison, Transgenic Assay, Binding Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Enhance Microglia M2 Polarization via the FGFR1/PLCγ1 Axis to Alleviate Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05797-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: OM-MSCs-Exo induced M2-polarized microglial cells through FGFR1 delivery, resulting in attenuated neuronal inflammation. A CCK8 assay in HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells. B The apoptosis rate of HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. C IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels of HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells. The HT-22 cells in the Co-control group, Co-Aβ 1–42 group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−NC group, and Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 group were co-cultured with the corresponding BV2 cells for 24 h. The SH-SY5Y cells in the Co-control group, Co-Aβ 1–42 group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−NC group, and Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 group were co-cultured with the corresponding HMC3 cells for 24 h ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Normality was confirmed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Thereafter, data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA (followed by Tukey’s post hoc test) for multiple-group comparisons

Article Snippet: According to the instruction manuals of the mouse interleukin (IL)−1β (CSB-E08054m; Cusabio), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (CSB-E04741m; Cusabio), IL-6 (CSB-E04639m; Cusabio), and Aβ 1–42 (CSB-E10787m; Cusabio) detection kits, the corresponding molecular levels in cells or tissues were measured.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Control, Cell Culture

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Enhance Microglia M2 Polarization via the FGFR1/PLCγ1 Axis to Alleviate Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05797-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: OM-MSCs-Exo delivered FGFR1 to interact with PLCγ1 in microglia, suppressing the inflammatory response of co-cultured HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells. A CCK8 assay in HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells. B The apoptosis rate of neurons cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. C IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels of HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells. The HT-22 cells in the Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−NC group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 + si-NC group, and Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 + si-PLCγ1 group were co-cultured with the corresponding BV2 cells for 24 h. The SH-SY5Y cells in the Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−NC group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 group, Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 + si-NC group, and Co-Aβ 1–42 + OM-MSCs-Exo oe−FGFR1 + si-PLCγ1 group were co-cultured with the corresponding HMC3 cells for 24 h ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Normality was confirmed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Thereafter, data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA (followed by Tukey’s post hoc test) for multiple-group comparisons

Article Snippet: According to the instruction manuals of the mouse interleukin (IL)−1β (CSB-E08054m; Cusabio), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (CSB-E04741m; Cusabio), IL-6 (CSB-E04639m; Cusabio), and Aβ 1–42 (CSB-E10787m; Cusabio) detection kits, the corresponding molecular levels in cells or tissues were measured.

Techniques: Cell Culture, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Enhance Microglia M2 Polarization via the FGFR1/PLCγ1 Axis to Alleviate Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05797-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: OM-MSCs-Exo alleviated cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in AD mice through FGFR1. A Swimming distance, swimming time, number of platform arrivals, and latency to first entry ( n = 6). B The hippocampal tissues of mice were stained with HE. C Nissl staining was performed in the hippocampus of mice. D TUNEL assay. E Data plot of the TUNEL assay. F Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in mice hippocampus. G WB analysis of Aβ, p-Tau/Tau in mice hippocampus. H Aβ 1–42 levels were detected. I FGFR1 and PLCγ1 levels were measured. J Levels of p-NF-κB/NF-κB. K , L IF staining of CD86 and CD206 in mice hippocampus. M Levels of microglia M1 and M2 polarization–related factors in mice hippocampus ( n = 5). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Normality was confirmed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Thereafter, data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA (followed by Tukey’s post hoc test) for multiple-group comparisons

Article Snippet: According to the instruction manuals of the mouse interleukin (IL)−1β (CSB-E08054m; Cusabio), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (CSB-E04741m; Cusabio), IL-6 (CSB-E04639m; Cusabio), and Aβ 1–42 (CSB-E10787m; Cusabio) detection kits, the corresponding molecular levels in cells or tissues were measured.

Techniques: Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Self-Assembled Rg3/Naringenin Nanoparticles for Targeted Brain Delivery: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Early Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph19030367

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic effects of GNNs on mouse hippocampal neuronal cells: ( A ) Electron microscopy results of Aβ 1–42 oligomers. ( B ) CCK8 detection results of mouse neuronal HT22 cells. ( C ) Detection of C6 cellular uptake rate (green fluorescence). Scale bar: 150μm. ( D ) Double staining results of mouse neuronal cells with Hoechst33342/PI (blue: Hoechst33342, red: PI). Scale bar: 150μm. ( E ) Quantification of Hoechst33342/PI fluorescence. ( F ) JC-1 fluorescence staining results of mouse neuronal cells (green: J-aggregate, red: J-monomer). Scale bar: 150 μm. ( G ) Quantification results of JC-1 fluorescence. ( H ) ROS fluorescence staining results of mouse neuronal HT22 cells (green: ROS signal). Scale bar: 150 μm. ( I ) Quantification results of ROS fluorescence. ( J ) IL-6. ( K ) IL-1β. ( L ) In vivo real-time imaging. *, p < 0.05 vs. Control; **, p < 0.01 vs. Control; #, p < 0.05 vs. Model; ##, p < 0.01 vs. Model.

Article Snippet: Aβ 1–42 peptide was purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Fluorescence, Double Staining, Staining, In Vivo, Imaging, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Self-Assembled Rg3/Naringenin Nanoparticles for Targeted Brain Delivery: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Early Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph19030367

Figure Lengend Snippet: GNNs improve neuronal apoptosis in the brains of AD mice: ( A ) HE staining images of CA1, CA2, and DG regions in mouse hippocampus. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( B ) Percentage of healthy cells. ( C ) Nissl staining images of CA1, CA2, and DG regions in mouse hippocampus. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( D ) Number of healthy Nissl bodies. ( E ) Aβ immunohistochemical staining images. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( F ) Quantitative analysis of Aβ 1–42 immunohistochemical staining. ( G ) Iba-1 immunohistochemical staining images. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of Iba-1 immunohistochemical staining. ( I ) Tau immunohistochemical staining images. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( J ) Quantitative analysis of Tau immunohistochemical staining. ( K ) GFAP immunohistochemical staining images. Scale bar: 150 μm. ( L ) Quantitative analysis of GFAP immunohistochemical staining. **, p < 0.01 vs. Control; ##, p < 0.01 vs. Model.

Article Snippet: Aβ 1–42 peptide was purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Control